拉市海越冬末期斑头雁行为的初步研究

2004年2月18日～3月14对在拉市海越冬斑头雁的行为进行了研究，采用瞬时扫描方法进行行为取样，并对其在越冬地的行为进行观察记录。结果表明：斑头雁通常是早上7：30后飞离夜栖地，傍晚19：30以后从主要活动地飞回夜栖地。观察后期(3月7～13日)与观察前期(2月18～25日)相比，其飞离夜栖地的时间提前约20分钟，而从觅食地飞回夜栖地的时间则要晚10～25分钟。斑头雁无论取食还是夜栖，都喜集群，通常还有其他鸟类与斑头雁混群，如赤麻鸭等。3月初，有部分斑头雁开始北迁，大部分北迁是在3月中旬。越冬末期斑头雁行为时间的分配率为取食35．01％、静栖34．95％、警戒13．88％、运动8．35％、理羽6．77％、饮水0．63％、社群行为0．41％，所占比例依次减少。经对斑头雁在陆地和水域生境中的行为样本分别进行计算，表明斑头雁在这两种生境中有不同的行为时间分配模式。在陆地里，斑头雁的主要行为是取食(约占47％)，而在水域中，斑头雁的主要行为是静栖(约占46％)，表明斑头雁的食物主要是从陆地中获取。在一天中，斑头雁的不同行为出现的高峰时间不同，取食高峰时间和警戒高峰时间在早上9：00至10：00和傍晚17：30～19：15；静栖高峰时间在14：00～17：00；运动高峰时间在10：30～12：30；理羽高峰时间在14：30～17：00。     

笼养东方白鹳繁殖行为观察

东方白鹳是世界濒危物种,其繁殖行为释放是一系列反射活动。本文采用行为描述法和行为实验法,定时对哈尔滨动物园笼养东方白鹳繁殖行为进行观察的结果显示,在整个繁殖期内依次出现的是发情、交配、营巢、孵化等行为,孵化不呈现明显的节律性,在孵化过程中有明显的换孵规律。     

萧氏松茎象的生活史和生态影响因子研究

萧氏松茎象在湖南省主要危害湿地松和马尾松。通过采用解剖林内虫害木的研究方法和林间的定期观察技术，对萧氏松茎象在湖南的生活习性及主要的生态影响因子进行了研究，研究结果表明萧氏松茎象在湖南的郴州两年发生一代，寄主种类、林分类型和林内植被直接影响萧氏松茎象的发生危害程度。     

黑冠山雀Parus rubidiventris的巢址特征与繁殖行为

2007年6月,作者在甘肃尕海—则岔自然保护区发现一个黑冠山雀Parus rubidiventris的洞穴巢址并对繁殖行为作了记录。巢址位于云杉树基下,大小27 cm×11 cm、巢深17 cm。巢材由苔藓、草茎须根、羊毛、云杉叶等组成。黑冠山雀育雏频率1次/1.5 min,食物为膜翅目、鳞翅目昆虫。此外,还发现育雏结束后亲鸟有清除巢内异物行为。     

Load behaviors of a prefabricated wood framing house during lifting and transportation

Lifting for handling and flatbed truck transportation to the job site are important processes during manufacture of prefabri-cated wooden construction units like mini homes and building modules. Significant damage can occur to sections or components of units during these operations. Although damage usually will not impair its structural safety, it is costly to fix and causes the public to perceive prefabricated wooden buildings as low quality products. Field observations and preliminary numerical models for prefabri-cated units subject to lifting and transportation forces are summarized here. Once fully developed and verified, models will support the creation of damage mitigation strategies centered on structural details indicating how units are to be supported during lifting and transportation.     

Effect of maleic anhydride grafted styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene （MA-SEBS） on impact fracture behavior of polypropylene / wood fiber composites

MA-SEBS as compatibilizer and impact modifier was incorporated into Polypropylene/Wood Fiber （PP/WF） to enhance interface adhesion and impact strength of the composite. The effect of MA-SEBS content on the impact fracture behavior of PP/WF composites was studied. The impact properties of composites with 8% MA-SEBS reached the maximum value. And further increasing of MA-SEBS content to 10% did not improve the fracture toughness, but improved the stiffness of composites by DMA analysis. This was attributed to the improved PP/WF adhesion. As the MA-SEBS content is more than 8%, the molecule interaction of PP and WF was expected to much stronger than lower MA-SEBS. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） was performed to analyze the impact fracture surface and showed a stronger affinity for the wood surfaces.     

松材线虫病研究进展

概述了松材线虫的生物学特性、行为学、致病机理等方面的研究动态，并介绍了松材线虫病环境影响评价的研究进展，提出了目前对松材线虫病的环境影响经济评价尚属空白，在松材线虫病对环境影响方面缺乏深入的研究。对其致病主要机理仍不清楚，需进一步进行研究。     

寄生小蜂对小青×黑杨树皮及杨圆蚧挥发油的行为反应

Four-armed airflow olfactometer was used to determining the foraging behavior ofPteroptrix longgiclava (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) andEncarsia gigas (Tshumakova) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) to the essential oils which emitted from the healthy bark ofPopulus pseudo-simonii×P. nigra, the infested bark injured byQuadraspidiotus gigas (Thiem & Gerneck), the body and scale of fixed 1st-instar-nymph ofQ. gigas. The results from these experiments showed that the volatile oils produced from the injured bark and from the scale of fixed 1st-instar-nymph had a higher attractive ability to female adults of the two species of wasps. The essential oil produced from the scale of the pest at dosages of 3–7 μL and the essential oil emitted by injured bark at dosages of 5–9 μL had a stronger alluring effect on the host searching behavior ofPteroptrix longgiclava. The essential oil from the body of fixed 1st-instar-nymph ofQ. gigas also had certain effect on the host locating effort ofPteroptrix longgiclava andEncarsia gigas. Those two wasps did not shown any reaction to the essential oil produced by the healthy bark of poplar. Foundation item: This paper was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (39970620) and the “TRAPOYT” Biography: CHI De-fu (1962-), male, Ph.D., Professor in Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P.R. China Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai     

Effects of sex and age on behavior and weight gain in beef calves after abrupt weaning

The effects of weaning on beef calves of different ages were investigated. Forty male and 40 female calves were either weaned at 6 (W6, n = 40) or 8 (W8, n = 40) months of age. The vocalization activity and behaviors (feeding, lying and standing/walking) were observed during the first 3 days following weaning. Body weight was recorded at 6 and 8 months and 2 weeks following weaning. W6 animals vocalized more often than W8 calves and females more than males on day 1 (P < 0.05). The vocalization activity decreased at a higher rate in W8 than in W6 from days 1 to 3. On day 2, W6 calves spent less time lying and more standing/walking than W8 calves (P < 0.05). The behaviors did not differ between males and females. The average daily gain after weaning did not differ between weaning ages (P > 0.05), but W8 calves gained more from 6 to 8 months of age. In conclusion, weaning distress was more pronounced in W6 than in W8 calves. W8 calves also had a superior growth performance during 6 to 8 months of age. The effect of the calves' sex was less pronounced. Therefore, it is recommended to wean beef calves later than 6 months of age.     

基于YOLO v8n-seg和改进Strongsort的多目标小鼠跟踪方法

多目标小鼠跟踪是小鼠行为分析的基本任务,是研究社交行为的重要方法。针对传统小鼠跟踪方法存在只能跟踪单只小鼠以及对多目标小鼠跟踪需要对小鼠进行标记从而影响小鼠行为等问题,提出了一种基于实例分割网络YOLO v8n-seg和改进Strongsort相结合的多目标小鼠无标记跟踪方法。使用RGB摄像头采集多目标小鼠的日常行为视频,标注小鼠身体部位分割数据集,对数据集进行增强后训练YOLO v8n-seg实例分割网络,经过测试,模型精确率为97.7%,召回率为98.2%,mAP50为99.2%,单幅图像检测时间为3.5ms,实现了对小鼠身体部位准确且快速地分割,可以满足Strongsort多目标跟踪算法的检测要求。针对Strongsort算法在多目标小鼠跟踪中存在的跟踪错误问题,对Strongsort做了两点改进：对匹配流程进行改进,将未匹配上目标的轨迹和未匹配上轨迹的目标按欧氏距离进行再次匹配;对卡尔曼滤波进行改进,将卡尔曼滤波中表示小鼠位置和运动状态的小鼠身体轮廓外接矩形框替换为以小鼠身体轮廓质心为中心、对角线为小鼠体宽的正方形框。经测试,改进后Strongsort算法的ID跳变数为14,MOTA为97.698%,IDF1为85.435%,MOTP为75.858%,与原Strongsort相比,ID跳变数减少88%,MOTA提升3.266个百分点,IDF1提升27.778个百分点,与Deepsort、ByteTrack和Ocsort相比,在MOTA和IDF1上均有显著提升,且ID跳变数大幅降低,结果表明改进Strongsort算法可以提高多目标无标记小鼠跟踪的稳定性和准确性,为小鼠社交行为分析提供了一种新的技术途径。